Brazil measures 4,320km from North to South and 4,326km from East to West. Around nine-tenths of the country are situated between the Equator and the Tropic of Capricorn. Bathed by the Atlantic Ocean, Brazil has 12,000km of borders with Spanish speaking countries. The relief is dominated by the Brazilian Plateau, which unfolds after the mountain chains that closely follow the coastline from Porto Alegre in the South to Natal in the Northeast. The major lowland areas are the Pantanal, the Amazonian plains and the coastal region. The highest point of the country is "Pico de Neblina" 3,014m high, located in the extreme North of the Amazon region.

Nearly the whole of the immense Brazilian territory is inaccessible, as well as extremely abundant in mineral resources. Brazil has the largest tropical forest and oxygen reserve in the world, which is the Amazon jungle. There are few islands along the Brazilian coast, they are sporadically spread. In the region of the state of Rio de Janeiro and North part of São Paulo State are some more islands. There is also a group of islands located 350km Northeast of Natal, RN, named "Fernando do Noronha".